ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La atención al paciente crítico requiere del manejo del sistema cardiovascular y del equilibrio del medio interno, por lo cual es necesario el monitoreo hemodinámico. Con el objetivo de describir el sustento fisiológico del monitoreo hemodinámico y los medios para su determinación se realizó una búsqueda de información en las bases de dato Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, AmeliCA y Redib. El monitoreo hemodinámico permite determinar la necesidad de administrar fluidos y su respuesta terapéutica; al analizar la curva de Frank-Starling. Además, necesita la determinación de parámetros estáticos y dinámicos, que analizan el gasto cardíaco, la presión de pulso, medidos mediante métodos invasivos, mínimamente invasivos y no invasivos. La variabilidad de la presión de pulso y del volumen sistólico constituyen nuevas variables útiles en el proceso. El estudio mediante ecocardiografía de la vena cava inferior juega un importante papel en el monitoreo hemodinámico.
ABSTRACT Caring for the critically ill patient requires management of the cardiovascular system and balance of the internal environment. Hemodynamic monitoring is therefore necessary. With the objective of describing the physiological basis of hemodynamic follow-up and means for its determination, a search for information was carried out in the -Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, LILACS, AmeliCA, and Redib- databases. Hemodynamic monitoring allows determining when fluid administration is required and its therapeutic response by analyzing the Frank Starling curve. It requires the determination of static and dynamic parameters that analyze cardiac output and pulse pressure. These parameters are measured by invasive, minimally invasive and noninvasive methods. Pulse pressure and stroke volume variability are useful new variables in the process. Echocardiographic study of the inferior vena cava plays an important role in the hemodynamic follow-up.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Se ha discutido el uso de catéter en la arteria pulmonar (Swan-Ganz) por no ofrecer cambios en la mortalidad de los pacientes críticos; sin embargo, aún es una herramienta útil para monitoreo hemodinámico. Objetivo: Ofrecer una alternativa en la colocación de catéter Swan-Ganz mediante ultrasonido en menor tiempo y sin complicaciones. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio piloto, prospectivo, observacional, transversal y descriptivo. Se colocaron 26 pacientes con diversas patologías que ameritaban aporte aminérgico o inotrópico y catéter de arteria pulmonar. Se evaluaron los tiempos de colocación y complicaciones asociadas tras su colocación. Resultados: Se obtuvo media de 91.46 segundos de colocación (rango de 60-122 segundos) tras introducir la punta del catéter por venodisección y 0% de complicaciones en 26 pacientes. Discusión: El uso del ultrasonido ofrece un método alterno de colocación del catéter sin apoyo de fluoroscopia, curvas de monitoreo o presiones intracavitarias y reduce complicaciones. Conclusiones: La colocación de Swan-Ganz por ultrasonido es un método alterno y seguro con un tiempo medio de 91 segundos para su inserción. Se requiere una muestra mayor para determinar si es eficaz el método y quizás un estudio multicéntrico.
Abstract: Background: Use of a pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz) has been discussed because it does not offer changes in the mortality of critically ill patients; however, it is still a useful tool for hemodynamic monitoring. Objective: To offer an alternative in the placement of Swan-Ganz catheter by ultrasound in less time and without complications. Material and methods: A pilot, prospective, observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted. Placing 26 patients with various pathologies that required aminergic or inotropic delivery, a pulmonary artery catheter; evaluating placement times and associated complications after placement. Results: A mean of 91.46 seconds of placement (range of 60-122 seconds) was obtained after insertion of the tip of the catheter by venodisection and 0% of complications in 26 patients. Discussion: The use of ultrasound offers an alternate method of placement of the catheter without fluoroscopy support, monitoring curves or intracavitary pressures; and reduces complications. Conclusions: The placement of Swan-Ganz by ultrasound is an alternative and safe method for placement with an average time of 91 seconds in its insertion. A larger sample is required to determine if the method is effective and perhaps a multicenter study.
Resumo: Introdução: O uso de cateter na artéria pulmonar (Swan-Ganz) tem sido discutido por não oferecer mudanças na mortalidade de pacientes em estado crítico, no entanto, ainda é uma ferramenta útil para a monitorização hemodinâmica. Objetivo: Oferecer uma alternativa na colocação do cateter de Swan-Ganz com ultrassom em menos tempo e sem complicações. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo piloto, prospectivo, observacional, transversal e descritivo. Colocando 26 pacientes com diferentes patologias que requeriam suporte aminérgico ou inotrópico e cateter de artéria pulmonar; avaliando o tempo e complicações associadas após a colocação. Resultados: Obteve-se uma média de 91.46 segundos de colocação (intervalo de 60-122 segundos) após a introdução da ponta do cateter por venodissecção e 0% de complicações em 26 pacientes. Discussão: O uso do ultrassom oferece um método alternativo de colocação do cateter sem apoio de fluoroscopia, curvas de monitoramento ou pressões intracavitárias; e reduz as complicações. Conclusões: A colocação do cateter de Swan Ganz por ultrassom é um método alternativo e seguro, com um tempo médio de 91 segundos na sua inserção. É necessária uma amostra maior para determinar se o método é eficaz e talvez um estudo multicêntrico.
ABSTRACT
We report an extremely rare case of right ventricle perforation by a Swan-Ganz catheter during open heart surgery. Even when pulmonary artery catheters are inserted with the utmost care, serious complications such as hematoma formation, pneumothorax, hemothorax, perforation of the cardiac chambers, and rupture of the pulmonary artery may occur. We present a case of primary closure of a right ventricle perforation discovered during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In this case, the Swan-Ganz catheter was found penetrating the anterior wall of the right ventricle during the surgery. The location of the Swan-Ganz catheter, the stiffness of the catheter caused by hypothermia, and excessive surgical manipulation were supposed to be the etiologies. Therefore, the location of the Swan-Ganz catheter and increased stiffness from hypothermia should be taken into consideration during heart surgery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Catheterization, Swan-Ganz , Catheters , Coronary Artery Bypass , Heart Ventricles , Hematoma , Hemothorax , Hypothermia , Pneumothorax , Pulmonary Artery , Rupture , Thoracic Surgery , TransplantsABSTRACT
Recurrent ventricular arrhythmia can be fatal and cause serious complications, particularly when it is caused immediately after an operation. Incorrect placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter can trigger life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, but even intensive care specialists tend to miss this fact. Here, we report a case of recurrent ventricular arrhythmia causing a severe hemodynamic compromise; the arrhythmia was induced by a severely angulated Swan-Ganz catheter. The recurrent ventricular arrhythmia was not controlled by any measures including repositioning of the catheter, until the complete removal of the Swan-Ganz catheter. It is necessary to keep in mind that the position of the pulmonary artery catheter should be promptly checked if there is intractable recurrent ventricular arrhythmia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Catheters , Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump , Hemodynamics , Critical Care , Pulmonary Artery , SpecializationABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: A avaliação clínico-hemodinâmica à beira do leito e o uso do cateter de artéria pulmonar para a estimativa de dados hemodinâmicos têm sido utilizados na insuficiência cardíaca descompensada. Entretanto, não existem dados com o uso da monitorização hemodinâmica contínua não invasiva. OBJETIVO: Comparar as medidas obtidas com a monitorização hemodinâmica não invasiva com as invasivas em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada e refratária ao tratamento. MÉTODOS: As medidas hemodinâmicas não invasivas foram obtidas através da monitorização contínua da pressão arterial sistêmica pelo modelo de ondas de pulso (modelflow) e foram comparadas com as medidas obtidas pela passagem do cateter de artéria pulmonar, simultaneamente. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 56 medidas em 14 pacientes estudados em dias e horários diferentes. O índice de correlação entre as medidas da pressão arterial sistólica foi de r = 0,26 (IC 95% = 0,00 a 0,49, p = 0,0492) e da diastólica de r = 0,50 (IC 95% = 0,27 a 0,67, p < 0,0001). A correlação foi de r = 0,55 (IC 95% = 0,34 a 0,71, p 0,0001) para o índice cardíaco e de r = 0,32 (IC 95% = 0,06 a 0,53, p = 0,0178) para a resistência vascular sistêmica. CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação entre as medidas hemodinâmicas não invasivas quando comparadas às medidas do cateter de artéria pulmonar. A monitorização hemodinâmica contínua não invasiva pode ser útil para pacientes internados com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada.
BACKGROUND: The clinical and hemodynamic assessment at the bedside and the use of pulmonary artery catheter for the estimation of hemodynamic data have been used in decompensated heart failure. However, there are no data on the use of continuous noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. OBJECTIVE: To compare the data obtained through noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring with invasive ones in patients with decompensated heart failure and refractory to treatment. METHODS: The non-invasive hemodynamic measurements were obtained through continuous monitoring of systemic blood pressure by the pulse wave model (Modelflow) and compared with measurements obtained by the passage of a pulmonary artery catheter, simultaneously. RESULTS: A total of 56 measurements were performed in 14 patients studied on different days and time periods. The correlation index between systolic blood pressure measurements was r = 0.26 (95% CI = 0.00 to 0.49, p = 0.0492) and diastolic ones, r = 0.50 (95% CI = 0.27 to 0.67, p <0.0001). The correlation was r = 0.55 (95% CI = 0.34 to 0.71, p <0.0001) for cardiac index and r = 0.32 (95% CI = 0.06 to 0 53, p = 0.0178) for systemic vascular resistance. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between the hemodynamic measurements when compared to noninvasive pulmonary artery catheter measurements. The continuous noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring may be useful for hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Hemodynamics/physiology , Monitoring, Physiologic , Vascular ResistanceABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of two methods for gas-filled and liquid-filled balloon of Swan-Ganz catheter to locate the bronchus of pulmonary air leakage. Methods All of 38 cases with pneumothorax were randomly divided into two groups. Group A : the bronchus of pulmonary air leakage were detected by injecting gas into balloon of Swan-Ganz catheter. Group B: the bronchus of pulmonary air leakage were detected by injecting physiological saline into balloon of Swan-Ganz catheter. Results The locating success rate in Group A was 89. 5% (17/19) and Group B was 94. 7% (18/19) ( P＞0. 05). The mean time of locating in Group A was (13. 3 ±4. 1) min and Group B was (9. 6 ±3. 2) min( P ＜0. 05).In Group A, the dislocation rate was 47.4% and adjacent bronchial compression rate was 68.4% , and was respectively higher than Group B 21. 1% and 26. 3% ( P ＜ 0. 05). Patients in both groups were well tolerated without any obvious adverse effects. Conclusion It is a more simple, quicker, the same safe and effective to locate the broken bronchus of pneumothorax by injecting physiological saline into balloon of Swan-Ganz catheter.
ABSTRACT
A Swan-Ganz catheter is a useful monitoring device for measuring the pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac output, but its insertion brings about many complications, including dysrhythmias, pulmonary artery rupture, thrombosis and infection. We report here on a case of malposition of a Swan-Ganz catheter in a 49-year-old female patient who had undergone liver transplantation due to alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Cardiac Output , Catheters , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic , Liver Transplantation , Pulmonary Artery , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure , Rupture , ThrombosisABSTRACT
We tried to evaluate the right ventricular function using a modified Swan-Ganz catheter with a rapid responsive thermistor. Twenty-four dogs comprised this series. Twelve were the model of left heart failure (Group A), and the other twelve were the model of right heart failure (Group B) produced by multiple ligation of coronary arteries. Dogs were studied for some of the circulatory indices before and after ligation with left atrial pressure at 10, 15 and 20mmHg in group A, and right atrial pressure at 10, 15 and 20mmHg in group B by volume loading. In group A, when the left atrial pressure was kept constant, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) were decreased significantly after the ligation of coronary arteries. But there was no significant change in the peak right ventricular pressure-right ventricular endsystolic volume index ratio (peak RVP/RVESVI) associated with ligation. In group B, significant changes were observed in RVEF, RVSWI and peak RVP/RVESVI. Thus, it was found that right ventricular contractility in selective left heart failure was not reduced. <i>E</i><sub>max</sub> was considered to be a valuable index of ventricular contractility not affected by preload and afterload of ventricle, but this index is not easily measured clinically. The index peak RVP/RVESVI which is nearly equivalent to <i>E</i><sub>max</sub>, has an advantage in that it can be determined by the thermodilution method widely used in general. We conclude that this index is very useful to us for post-operative care in cardiac surgery.